Factors Determining the Information System Strategy for Global Firms Essay

Factors Determining the Information System Strategy for Global Firms - Essay Example ‘Factors determining the information system strategy for global firms’ identifies the strategies and issues that some prominent global enterprises have; classifies which organizational factors affect the decision making process of an organization when it is choosing an is strategy; gains knowledge on the impact of is on global business organizations and their role in tackling the market competition; carefully studies the factors that impact on the failures of is strategies in global business organizations. Numerous factors determine IS strategy, especially organizational characteristics. These are important, especially in terms of attitude, constraints, structure, system characteristics, â€Å"commonality†, size, technology, type, and criticality, IS department characteristics, and IS success factors. Quantitative results show that organizational factors such organizational attitudes and constraints and organizational structure have significant effect on IS strate gy decisions. Similarly, the results show that system characteristics such as â€Å"commonality, size, technology, and criticality† are important and are considered while making IS strategy choice decisions. Moreover, the results of qualitative analysis show that factors such as organizational structure and organizational attitudes and constraints are amongst the important organizational factors that need complete considerations while making IS strategy choices. Furthermore, system characteristics, such as the size of the project and criticality type of technology have been found to be important factors in IS strategy decisions. ... tem characteristics 19 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 21 3.1Research Approach 22 3.2 Positivist Paradigm 22 3.2 Interpretivist Paradigm 23 3.3Quantitative Research 24 3.4 Qualitative Research 25 3.5 Qualitative interview 25 3.6 Data Collection and Analysis 26 3.7 Regression Model 28 3.8 Research Ethics 28 3.9 Case Study Company: Projects System Holding Company 29 3.10 Summary 30 Chapter 4: Results, Analysis, and Discussion 32 4.1 Introduction 33 4.1.2 Regression Analysis 41 4.2 Organizational Characteristics and Is Strategy 46 4.3 System Characteristics and IS Strategy: 47 4.4 Summary of Quantitative Analysis 48 4.5 Qualitative Analysis 48 4.6 Questionnaire Research 50 Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion 55 5.1 Discussion and Conclusion 56 Many companies are implementing innovative plans while dealing with various challenges that are initiated by globalization, and due to this reason, they started investing in other countries through different plans and strategies by adopting novel systems, tools and techniques for meeting customers’ needs world-wide. But the adoption of information systems (IS) has been one of the main sources to seek help in compensating for and countering the challenges, and thus organizations use various strategies to adopt IS. Previous literature suggests that many factors determine IS strategy such as Organizational characteristics in terms of attitude and constraints and structure, system characteristics, in terms of â€Å"technology, size, type, criticality and commonality, IS department characteristics, and success factors (Akmanligil & Palvia, 2004). However, this study, keeping in view the importance of organizational characteristics and system characteristics and lack of empiricism in the extant literature (Akmanligil & Palvia, 2004), uses

A Fast Way to a Fast Food Essay Example for Free

A Fast Way to a Fast Food Essay According to a recent survey, the UK is particularly fond of fast food. Many people turn to fast food as it is quick, convenient, and relatively cheap even though there are many concerns over public health and obesity. With a large number of fast food chains available, how do likes of McDonald’s, Subway, and Pret. A merger maintain their market share at a time when people are cutting back on their spending? In the 10 largest UK cities, the number of fast-food outlets increased by 8,2 percent, to 1. 456 in 2009 (the highest growth occurred in London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow). Among the UK’s biggest chains, Subway grew faster than others. The number of Subway restaurants increased by 25,9 percent to 734 in 2009. In the same year, Domino’s pizza (DPZ) increased its outlets by 19,8 percent to 260 and E A T increased its outlets by 17,8 percent to 86. The growth of these chains is considered as a success particularly when competing against other giant chains such as McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, and Wimpy’s. Although fast food chains provide quick and efficient service, their operation models are different. In the traditional model, like Mc Donald’s, customers enter the restaurant, study the menu panels for a short period, and stand in the shortest line (behind the many counters). When the customer reaches the front of the line, he or she places an order, pays at the register, and collects the food within few minutes. When, a customer requests a nonstandard item, for example a burger with no tomatoes or extra bacon and cheese, the order is not available in the prestocked food area. The counterperson calls the order in to the production area. The item is then prepared to order as a priority. The waiting time is a bit longer in this case. Not all fast food chains in the UK follow the same customer service operational model. They have tried some innovative ideas to serve customers quicker and have more options and flexibility. In Subway, sandwich is prepared right in front of the customer, where the customer can select what type of bread, size, and sandwich fillings. The sandwich is normally ready in a couple of minutes and passed to the customer as soon as the customer pays for the food. Domino’z Pizza offers home delivery for a wide range of its pizzas, which can be personalized as well, in less than 20 minutes, while it does not charge for the delivery. Pizza Hut offers an open buffet as part of its service, to reduce the workload on its staff and give its customers more options with less price. In Pret A Manger and EAT, a set of sandwiches, salads, and desserts are assembled each day and stocked in the front of the shop where the customers select and pay for their meals. The stock level is then replenished during the day in line with demand. The aim is to continually meet the high quality and freshness standards. If any of the product assembled that day have not sold by the time the store closes, they are given to local charities rather than being stored and sold the following day.

Does Concentrated Acid or Diluted Acid React Faster? :: Science Experiments Reaction Rates Essays

Does Concentrated Acid or Diluted Acid React Faster? Plan I am going to carry out a reaction between Magnesium ribbon and Hydrochloric acid. The aim of this investigation is to work out which reacts faster, concentrated acid or diluted acid. I will judge if the reaction is fast or slow by observing the bubbles which occur during the reaction and also observe if the Magnesium has disappeared. Only the concentration of the acid will be changed - the Magnesium is a solid. Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl(aq) + H2 (g) There are four main factors which may affect rate of reaction. These are: - 1. Concentration 2. Temperature 3. Catalyst 4. Surface area CONCENTRATION- if the concentration of the acid is increased, the rate goes faster. In a concentrated acid there are more particles in it this means that there is a more chance of successful collisions occurring. If the acid was diluted, there are not many acid particles, which means that there is not much chance of an acid particle hitting a magnesium atom. At the start, there are plenty of Magnesium atoms and acid particles but they get used up during successful collisions. After, a time there a fewer Magnesium atoms and the acid is less concentrated so the reaction slows down. This graph shows this: - volume of hydrogen Time Diluted Acid Concentrated Acid = Acid particle = water molecule = Magnesiumatom TEMPERATURE - at low temperatures the particles of reacting substances don't have enough energy. So if the substances were heated this would mean the particles take in energy. This causes them to move faster and collide vigorously very often. Also making more successful collisions. Therefore the rate of reaction increases. CATALYST - using a catalyst can speed up reactions. If there is a catalyst in the reaction then the collision needs less energy in order to be successful. This results into more collisions becoming successful, so the reaction goes faster, catalysts are very important in industry. Reactions are speeded up at low temperatures, which means less fuel is needed so money is saved. SURFACE AREA - if the Magnesium had a large surface area the atoms in the outer layer will only collide with the acid particles but if the metal was powdered, many more atoms are exposed, so there is a greater chance of successful collisions. Concentrated Acid = Acid particle = water molecule = Magnesium atom COLLISION THEORY The Collision Theory is used to predict the rate of reaction. The Theory is based on the fact that for a reaction to take place, it is

Pre-Columbian History of the Caribbean Indigenous People Essay

Both indigenous groups, Tainos and Siboneys migrated to the Caribbean region. The first indigenous group to migrate to the Caribbean was the Siboneys. Although their origin has been debated, the common perception is that they came from either the southern top of modern day Florida or Mexico. It is estimated that around 500 B. C. they settled in the Greater Antilles region of the Caribbean. This region includes the Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica. The Taino migration occurred approximately around the same time as the Siboneys. Their migration started from the South American mainland, most notably the area between Venezuela and Colombia to the area known as the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean. This area included islands such as Trinidad and the Virgin Islands. The Taino utilized canoes to travel between each island during their migration. The canoes were made out of tree trunks and measured approximately 25 meters in length. Each canoe had a travel capacity of approximately 50 people. The main reason for the Taino migration was increased agitation and threats from the Carib indigenous people from the same region in South America. The Caribs were fierce in the their pursuit of the Taino and followed them up into the Lesser Antilles. Culturally, both the Taino and Siboney differed greatly. The Siboneys communed in small societies. Some would argue that they were culturally unsophisticated. They did not make any complex tools, just wood, stone and shells. The Siboney’s also settled by the riverside since they did not practice any form of agriculture. Their diet consisted of easily attainable animals such as fish and reptiles. They also ate wild fruits that were native to the islands. Conversely, the Taino were more advanced than their northern neighbor the Siboneys. The Taino had a complex society that consisted of settlements of as much as 500 inhabitants. They also contained a social structure for each settlement that consisted of a chief known as a cacique, a tier of elders who represented various families of each settlement, women and children. The Taino designated tasks to its members according to their position. Men cleared uninhabited areas of land and fished. Women were in charge of crop cultivation and child rearing. Unlike the Siboneys, the Taino mastered the art of farming. They farmed various crops such as yucca, guava and sweet potatoes. They also hunted various small game around the islands. The Taino also mastered clay pottery. Lastly, the Taino exercised their religious beliefs regularly. They believed in Gods that they called Zemis. The Caicique’s job was to carry out religious ceremonies by nasally ingesting a hallucinogenic mixture of tobacco and crushed sea shells through a long pipe called a cohoba. This snuff allowed the caciques to communicate with their Gods. Unlike the Siboneys, the Taino were a highly advanced society. They played a sophisticated team game called â€Å"Batey†. This game can be considered as the precursor to modern day soccer. Specially designed ball courts were created for Batey. In addition, The Taino also created jewelry and ornaments in which both men and women wore to Festivals and other celebratory events. In conclusion, the Taino and Siboney indigenous people both migrated to the Caribbean region. They both make up the genealogical and cultural starting point for all individuals who hail from the Caribbean region.

The Pedestrian

The Pedestrian by Ray Bradbury Utopia: an ideal place (fictional) This short story is an example of Dystopian fiction – dealing with a society that embodies a flawed perfection – achieved at a cost. In the story, Ray Bradbury attacks a society which is, in effect, a police state – a totalitarian regime. The sole representative of the regime is, appropriately, the police car. Mead is a non-conformist whose ‘crime’ is to walk for pleasure – a most simple and natural activity.The oppressive nature of the regime is emphasised by the fact that such a basic human activity is prohibited and has been eradicated – as indicated by the disused sidewalks. The nature of this soulless society is emphasised again and again by numerous images connected with death: â€Å"dark windows† â€Å"not unlike walking through a graveyard† â€Å"tomb-like buildings† and â€Å"grey phantoms†By contrast the vivid sensory description of M ead’s walk is conveyed through crisp natural images which evoke the senses and show his delight in simple pleasures and sensations: breathing in the cold November air and its â€Å"crystal frost† makes his â€Å"lungs blaze like a Christmas tree inside† the â€Å"branches filled with invisible snow†. This is a society which (it is implied) is kept docile and uninformed by a diet of poor quality TV programmes (which, we assume from the Police Car’s incredulity when Mead explains that he has no TV, are controlled by the State).The minds of the population have been dulled by the TV they are incessantly and acceptingly fed. Only Mead can see through the banality and predictability of the programmes: †Where are the cowboys rushing? † †A dozen assorted murders† †A comedian falling off the stage† There is nothing to stimulate the intellect of the population here. Despite the (large) number of channels, there is a comple te absence of any political programme which might challenge the government. Possibly suggesting brain-washing.If not, it is clear from the way that the population is described that they are not capable intellectually of challenging the government – they are portrayed as automatons – unthinking, unchallenging, uninformed. The suggestion is that the minds of this population are chained and dulled by the government’s actions. Informed, intelligent, alert people would pose a threat and ask awkward questions. Mead is the last of such people and his nightly covert walks are, we presume a way to find like-minded people.His rebellion, if we can call it that, is hardly the most active – he seems to have accepted or resigned himself to the fact that he can no longer pursue his career and seems a broken man at the end of the story. Setting In contrast to the rest of the population, the individuality and free-thinking nature of Mead’s mind is emphasised by nat ural images. The simile â€Å"only his shadow moving like the shadow of a hawk† conveys both an impression of a hunter and an image of soaring freedom.The fact that â€Å"he could imagine himself upon the centre of a plain, a wintry, windless Arizona desert† highlights his individuality and the sense of emptiness that he feels in a society that is, effectively, dead. The rest of the population and the city itself are portrayed as being dead. The buildings and city are architecturally dead – the â€Å"buckling concrete walk† suggesting decay and â€Å"tomb-like buildings† suggesting that those inside are dead. Even Nature itself seemed outraged by the setting and tried, it seemed, to bury it â€Å"like cement was vanishing under flowers and grass†The Police Car The imagery associated with the police car is harsh, cold, threatening, oppressive, that of hunter and its paralysed prey â€Å"flashed a fierce white cone of light upon him† â €Å"It smelled of riveted steel. It smelled of harsh antiseptic† Images which mirror the nature of the regime which is personified and represented by the car. Frequent use of word-choice linked to metallic, robotic, mechanical ideas. The voice of the police car also sounds robotic: short, sharp peremptory commands contrast with Mead’s fuller more warm and personal replies.The clearest indication of the nature of the regime comes in the interrogation: The lack of recognition of Mead’s profession and the incredulity that he does not have a TV set hint strongly at state control. In this dystopian society, anything connected with the arts: creativity, beauty, the senses†¦ is not recognised. Only that which is manufactured is recognised. Books and writing have no place in this regime. In a similar manner, the police car is unable to comprehend that Mead was simply walking for its own pleasurable sake. â€Å"Walking, just walking, walking? The repetition of walk ing gives the impression of the car’s brain malfunction. It cannot grasp that anyone would do something simply for the pleasure of it, not without a reason. Only Mead is capable of wry humour (a human quality) Are you married, Mr Mead No Nobody wanted me, said Leonard Mead with a Smile. Irony Mead is to be taken to an asylum – â€Å"To the Psychiatric Centre for Research on Regressive Tendencies†. Note the use of official sounding language – a euphemism designed to hide the true purpose of such a place – echoing SovietAsylums in which those who actively opposed the state’s political ideals were sent to an ‘asylum’ to be ‘re-educated’ – brain-washed until they did accept what the state wanted them to believe. The great irony here is that Mead – the only sane man in this insane society is being sent to an asylum. Symbolism. On their way to the asylum through, they pass Mead’s house. It is ablaze w ith lights in contrast to the dark city. â€Å"electric light brilliantly lit, every window a loud yellow illumination. It is a symbol of hope of vibrant life – light is a universal symbol of hope, but the car is swallowed up once more into the darkness (literally and figuratively). â€Å"The car moved down the empty river-bed streets† natural images of decay and life-lessness. Structure Mead’s capture is represented in stages. Contrast the positive, empowering image of him as a hawk – conveying a sense of freedom with his reaction to the car †not unlike a night moth, stunned by the illumination† The short story remains fairly uneventful throughout, therefore the structure reflects this.However, the featurelessness of structure (which in turn reflects the bleakness of the landscape) is broken by the tension created by the interrogation of the police car. The apparent tedium of the walk through the grey town is transformed into a gripping tens e episode. Near the end, the short story bursts into another high point of hope with the wonderful climactic symbol of the house ablaze with light – a symbol of hope. Nevertheless, we are again plunged into dark anti-climax as we realise that the house is only one lone point of hope, soon to be submerged within the blanket of darkness everywhere.Themes: 1. The distrust and ultimate destruction of the individual in a totalitarian state 2. Bradbury considers such a police state to be alien to the natural laws of Mankind – man should be free to voice his feelings. 3. He points to the dangers of state-controlled media which can brainwash a nation, State-controlled TV programmes being, effectively, propaganda. 4. He points to the dangers of a docile, unquestioning society. 5. Glancing euphemistic references to ‘psychiatric hospitals’. 6. Pessimistic – the light in the darkness is extinguished.

Understanding Celibacy, Abstinence, and Chastity

Understanding Celibacy, Abstinence, and Chastity The word â€Å"celibacy† is typically used to refer to a voluntary decision to remain unmarried or to abstain from engaging in any sexual activity, usually for religious reasons. While the term celibacy is typically used in reference only to persons who choose to remain unmarried as a condition of sacred religious vows or convictions, it can also apply to the voluntary abstinence from all sexual activity for any reason. While they are often used interchangeably, celibacy, abstinence, and chastity are not exactly the same. Celibacy is generally  recognized as a voluntary choice to remain unmarried or engage in any form of sexual activity, usually in order to fulfill a religious vow. In this sense, one can accurately be said to be practicing sexual abstinence as a condition of his or her vow of celibacy. Abstinence - also called continence - refers to the often temporary strict avoidance of all forms of sexual activity for any reason. Chastity is a voluntary lifestyle that involves far more than abstaining from sexual activity. Coming from the Latin word castitas, meaning â€Å"purity,† chastity embraces abstinence from sexual activity as a praiseworthy and virtuous quality according to the standards of morality held by a person’s particular culture, civilization, or religion. In modern times, chastity has become associated with sexual abstinence, particularly before or outside of marriage or other type of exclusively committed relationship. Celibacy and Sexual Orientation The concept of celibacy as a decision to remain unmarried applies to both traditional and same-sex marriage. Similarly, the lifestyle restrictions implied by the terms abstinence and chastity refer to both heterosexual and gay sexual activity. In the context of celibacy related to religion, some gay people choose to be celibate in keeping with their religion’s teachings or doctrine on gay relationships. In an amendment adopted in 2014, the American Association of Christian Counselors banned the promotion of the largely discredited process of conversion therapy for gay persons, encouraging the practice of celibacy instead. Celibacy in Religion In the context of religion, celibacy is practiced in different ways. Most familiar of these is the mandatory celibacy of male and female members of the active clergy and monastic devotees. While most female religious celibates today are Catholic nuns living in residential cloisters, there have been notable solitary celibate female figures, such the anchoress - a female hermit - Dame Julian of Norwich, born in 1342. In addition, religious celibacy is sometimes practiced by laypersons or clergy members in a faith not requiring it out of devotion or to allow them to perform certain religious services. Brief History of Religiously-Motivated Celibacy Derived from the Latin word caelibatus, meaning â€Å"state of being unmarried,† the concept of celibacy has been acknowledged by most major religions throughout history. However, not all religions have acknowledged it favorably. Ancient Judaism strongly rejected celibacy. Similarly, early Roman polytheistic religions, practiced between about 295 B.C.E. and 608 C.E., held it to be an aberrant behavior and imposed severe fines against it. The emergence of Protestantism around 1517 CE saw a rise in the acceptance of celibacy, although the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church never adopted it. The attitudes of the Islamic religions regarding celibacy have also been mixed. While the Prophet Muhammad denounced celibacy and recommended marriage as a commendable deed, some Islamic sects embrace it today. In Buddhism, most ordained monks and nuns choose to live in celibacy believing it to be one of the prerequisites to reaching enlightenment. While most people associate religious celibacy with Catholicism, the Catholic Church actually imposed no requirement of celibacy on its clergy for the first 1,000 years of its history. Marriage remained a matter of choice for Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons until the Second Lateran Council of 1139 mandated celibacy for all members of the clergy. As a result of the Council’s decree, married priests were required to give up either their marriage or their priesthood. Faced with this choice, many priests left the church. While celibacy remains a requirement for Catholic clergy today, an estimated 20% of Catholic priests worldwide are believed to be legally married. Most married priests are found in the Catholic Churches of Eastern nations like the Ukraine, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. While these churches recognize the authority of the Pope and the Vatican, their rituals and traditions more closely follow those of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which had never embraced celibacy. Reasons for Religious Celibacy How do religions justify mandatory celibacy? No matter what they are called in a given religion, the â€Å"priest† is exclusively trusted to perform the sacred function of communicating the needs of the people to God or other heavenly power. The efficacy of the priesthood is based on the congregation’s trust that the priest is properly qualified and possesses the ritual purity necessary to speak to God on their behalf. Religions that require it of their clergy consider celibacy to be a prerequisite for such ritual purity. In this context, religious celibacy is likely to have been derived from ancient taboos that viewed sexual power as vying with religious power, and the sex act itself as having a polluting effect on priestly purity.   Reasons for Non-Religious Celibacy For many people who do so, choosing a celibate lifestyle has little or nothing to do with an organized religion. Some may feel that eliminating the demands of sexual relationships allows them to better focus on other important aspects of their lives, like career advancement or education. Others may have found their past sexual relationships to have been particularly unfulfilling, damaging, or even painful. Still others choose to abstain from sex out of their unique personal beliefs of what is â€Å"proper behavior.† For example, some people may choose to adhere to the morality-based tradition of abstaining from sex outside of marriage. Beyond personal beliefs, other celibates consider abstinence from sex to be the only absolute method of avoiding sexually-transmitted diseases or unplanned pregnancies. Outside of religious vows and obligations, celibacy or abstinence is a matter of personal choice. While some may consider a celibate lifestyle extreme, others may consider it liberating or empowering. Key Terms Celibacy is a voluntary choice to remain unmarried or engage in any form of sexual activity, usually in order to fulfill a religious vow. A person who practices celibacy is said to be â€Å"celibate.†Ã‚  Abstinence  is also called â€Å"continence† and is the often temporary strict avoidance of all forms of sexual activity for any reason.Chastity  -   from the Latin word castitas, meaning â€Å"purity† - embraces abstinence as a praiseworthy virtue according to the prevailing social standards of morality.

Freud analysis on Artificial Intelligence Essay Example

Freud analysis on Artificial Intelligence Essay Example Freud analysis on Artificial Intelligence Essay Freud analysis on Artificial Intelligence Essay David experiences a dream like state as he believes the fantasies that are being created for him. David is strongly motivated by his id, which is driven by his own pleasures and desires. Teddy, his robotic bear, is guided by his ego that is responsible for dealing with reality. The ego ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in an acceptable manner in the real world. Also, Frauds theory of Oedipal complex is present in the relationship between David and his mother, ultimately suggesting that David has repressed sexual desires for her. Furthermore, symbolism Is present throughout the movie as Frauds belief of hidden wishes as well as desires Is shown through imagery and representation of certain characters. In Artificial Intelligence, the idea of rational logic is in conflict with the idea of an alternate reality as David believes it is possible for his non-biological mother to love IM back some day. Freud establishes a common element in fantasies: the human desire to alter the existing and often unsatisfactory or unpleasant world of reality. David is ultimately motivated by his id as it acts as a course of aggression and desire for him. David meets the protocol robot of himself, the robot claims his name is David. He suddenly feels irritated and threatened by the robot as he quotes cant have her. Shes mine. I am the only one! More drastically, David then picks up the lamp sitting on the desk and rapidly hits the other robot and yells over and over l AM DAVID! until he destroys the robot. : This helps highlight the idea that Davits old has controlled his mind and actions leading him to become an aggressive character. Willing to stop at nothing to gain his mothers love, David is willing to do anything in order to fulfill his fantasy of becoming human. Ultimately, a dreamlike state is formed as David creates a story in order to satisfy his own pleasures and desires. Furthermore, one could argue that his intentions were more sinister than simply destroying the robot. In order to reach his mother, and satisfy his own needs as well s desires, David may ultimately have had darker intentions in mind. According to Freud, unlike the d, the ego demonstrates a representation of reason and common sense. Its mall concern Is with the Individuals safety and allows some of the Ids desires to be expressed, but only when consequences of these actions are marginal. Teddy, Davis bear, Is guided by his ego to make rational decisions to help protect David. For example, when Martin challenges David to eat food at the dinner grads s arm Ana quotes You wall Drear warning David harm himself if he eats the food. Furthermore, Teddy appears to be a rational figure that cares for the ids safety and overall well-being. Overall, Teddys ego allows him to have a rational sense of Judgment, tolerance, synthesis of information and also an excellent memory. The egos function of intellect is shown in Teddy as David asks him for information and explanation of things throughout the movie. Also, Teddys high level of tolerance guided by his ego is proven to be true regardless of all of Davits poor actions. Despite Davits unrealistic desire, Teddy still remains by his side ill the end. Furthermore, Teddys ego guides him to take the demands and reality of the outside world into account in addition to the ids basic needs and urges. Another idea Freud proposes is the Oedipal complex. The Oedipal complex can be described as the sexual desire a young boy may have for his mother. Often times they contain hatred towards their father as there is considered to be a rivalry. The Oedipal complex is present between David and his mother as shown several times throughout the movie. Although it may not be clearly visible for the audience, there re several signs suggesting that David has a sexual desire for her. Also, a sense of jealously is present towards his father as David sees him hugging his mother while in the bedroom. During this scene, he was silently standing by the doorway watching them both. As his father leaves the bedroom, David approaches him by the name of Henry. This scene suggests that David contains no love for his adoptive father but instead views him as a threat. It is evident throughout the movie that David resents Henry such as when David picks up Henrys phone call. He shows his mother that he s not only able to answer calls but project peoples voices as well. In a sense, David was mocking his father as he mouthed the words his father was saying throughout the phone call. During this act, David resists giving his mother the phone since he doesnt want them to communicate with one another. As the movie progresses, it is apparent that David wants his mother all to himself and that the love David has for his mother is more of a sexual desire. Furthermore, in the last scene of the movie, he brings his mother back to life. In this scene, the narrator quotes David thought it was he happiest day of his life, all the problems seemed to have disappeared from his mommys mind, there was no Henry, no Marty, no grief, it was only David. The sense of rivalry is clearly shown throughout this quote as well as his everlasting sexual love for his mother. The sexual context of Davits love for his mother is clearly demonstrated when David makes coffee for his mother, tucks her in bed and lastly sleeps beside her while holding her hand. All of which are common actions that a husband would do for his wife. In summary, the Oedipal complex is the hidden drive that influences David. Davits actions and behavior are solely based on his sexual desire for his mother and hatred towards his father. Freud describes symbolism as representation of repressed, mainly sexual objects of desire by non-sexual objects that resemble them or are associated with them. The scene, winner David Ana Nils mother are lying In ten cellular snap Deck, tons Dead can be interpreted in several different means. Looking from a sexual perspective, the bed can represent the female genitalia. The shape of the bed can be compared to the female sexual organ as since they have similar appearance to one another. One may include that since David is lying in this bed, which represents his mothers female genitalia, it may symbolize intercourse. The secretly desired intercourse David wishes to have with his mother. Another interpretation the concave shaped bed may have is resemblance to his mothers womb. As David is lying in the bed in this case, it may suggest David is inside of her womb. It can symbolize the desire for David to truly be human so that his mother will love him. Ironically, this desire is not capable to being a reality because David was not conceived by his mother, but rather built by man to be a robot. Overall, there are several ways to interpret the concave shaped bed as symbolism can be derived from myriad meanings. Psychoanalytical criticism not only shows peoples unconscious desires but helps analyze their motivations as well. Freud believed that the motive forces of fantasies are unsatisfied wishes, and every single fantasy is the fulfillment of a wish, a correlation of unsatisfying reality. Throughout the movie David acts upon his unconscious desires and is capable to give in into his own sense of pleasure. David was able to convince himself that there was an alternate reality where he would come human and his mother would love him, a situation that he derived pleasure from. Furthermore, Teddy has shown the characteristics of the ego as he has acted as a rational figure and helped protect David on their Journey to satisfy this unrealistic dream of Davits. Freud also has proven that a young boy can have sexual desires for his mother. That this young boy is David, aggressively wanting his mothers love to fulfill his sexual desire for her. Lastly, Frauds idea of symbolism has shown that imagery can have more than one meaning and often times the meaning behind them relates to sexuality.

Should I Go to One of the Big 10 Schools

Should I Go to One of the Big 10 Schools SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Big Ten is one of the most prestigious intercollegiate athletic conferences in the country. It has 14 member schools, most of which are located in the Midwest. While they’re all unique, Big 10schools have many commonalities and are known for emphasizing both athletics and academics. In this article, I’ll do the following: Give you the names of all of the Big Ten universitiesand provide information about each school Describe the attributes of Big Ten colleges Detail possible advantages and disadvantages of attending a Big Ten school Explain how to decide if you should attend one of the Big Ten schools What Is the Big 10? The Big 10 is one of the premier intercollegiate athletic conferences in the country.All of its member institutions are NCAA Division I schools with FBS programs.The Big Ten sponsors 28 official sports, 14 for men and 14 for women.Big Ten schools compete in a total of 42 sports, and they have combined to win more than 450 team and 1800 individual national championships. Confusingly, even though there were 10 schools in the Big Tenfor much of its history, now there are 14 schools that are part of the Big 10. TheBig Ten includes the following colleges: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Indiana University Bloomington University of Iowa University of Minnesota Twin Cities University of Michigan Michigan State University University of Maryland, College Park, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Northwestern University The Ohio State University Penn State University Purdue University Rutgers University University of Wisconsin-Madison Northwestern is the only private college in the Big 10. The other schools are large publicuniversities.Maryland and Rutgers are the most recent additions to the Big Ten. They’re also the only east coast schools in the Big Ten. Rutgers is in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The rest of the Big Ten schools are in the Midwest. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. What Makes Big 10Colleges Unique? Big Ten schools offer big-time athletics at well-regarded academic institutions.Most of the Big Ten schools are in spirited college towns. The surrounding population proudly supports the school. The students, alumni, and residents of the area are generally big fans of the athletic teams and are eager to show their school pride. With the exception of Northwestern, these are among the largest schools in their respective states and some of the biggest schools in the country. Comparing Big Ten Schools I created a table with the undergraduate enrollments, average standardized test scores, and the acceptance rates of the Big Ten universities.Penn State has the largest undergraduate enrollment at almost 46,000. Northwestern has the smallest at 8,278. Also,Northwestern is the most selective school with an acceptance rate of only 15%. The schools are listed in order of their acceptance rates. School Location Undergraduate Enrollment Average SAT Score Average ACT Score Acceptance Rate Northwestern University Evanston, IL 8,278 1490 33 9% University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 28,921 1415 31 29% University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 35,433 1360 29 50% University of Maryland College Park, MD 29,868 1380 30 44% University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 32,196 1390 30 49% The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 45,946 1350 30 54% Penn State University University Park, PA 40,835 1250 28 51% Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 35,641 1300 28 57% Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 31,006 1290 29 57% University of Illinois Champaign, IL 33,955 1380 30 62% Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 38,996 1220 26 72% University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 20,954 1230 25 64% Indiana University Bloomington, IN 33,429 1250 28 76% University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 24,503 1240 26 86% Possible Advantages and Disadvantages of Attending a Big Ten School Even though most of the Big Ten schools are large public universities in the Midwest, it’s difficult to generalize all Big Ten schools. For example, the environments at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Rutgers are quite different. Lincoln, Nebraska and New Brunswick, New Jersey are in different regions of the country. The demographics of their student bodies are strikingly different. Rutgers is 43% white while UNL is 78% white. Furthermore, 83% of Rutgers students come from New Jersey while 77% of UNL students come from Nebraska. At UNL, there are nine majors related to agriculture. At Rutgers, there is only one. The strengths, weaknesses, majors offered, locations, acceptance rates, and student bodies vary for each Big Ten school.However, you can make some generalizations about the pros and cons of attending a Big Ten school. Pros of Big Ten Schools Here are some of the biggest advantages of attending a Big Ten institution. School Spirit Big Ten schools offer very spirited environments. Most students who attend a Big Ten school seem to love their college. You can’t walk around campus or go to an off-campus bar or restaurant without seeing the college colors everywhere. During my multiple visits tothe University of Illinois, I saw thousands of students wearing orange and blue and many shops selling University of Illinois apparel and souvenirs. When I was in college competing for the gymnastics team at Stanford, we went to the University of Nebraska for NCAA Championships during my freshman year. I remember being at an off-campus Subway and seeing posters for the women’s volleyball and gymnastics teams at Nebraska on the wall.Sadly, I never saw a Stanford men’s gymnastics team poster in Palo Alto while I was at Stanford. Big-Time Football The Big Ten is one of the top football conferences in America.College football is ridiculously popular, and the Big Ten is one of the most prestigious football conferences in the country. On game days at UNL, the number of people inside of the football stadium would make it the third largest city in Nebraska.Four of the football stadiums in the Big Ten are among the 17 largest football stadiums in the country. A few years ago, I went to a college football game at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for its homecoming game. Wisconsin wasn’t playing a particularly good team, but the stadium was completely full, and people came from all over the state and country to attend and support the Badgers. There was more enthusiasm and energy there than at the handful of NFL games I've attended. Big-Time Academics Big Ten Schools are well-regarded academically.Northwestern is ranked as the #12 National University by US News.The other Big Ten schools are considered to be some of the best public universities in the country.US News ranks the University of Michigan as the #4 public university (#27 National University), University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin are ranked in the top 15, and many others are ranked highly as well. They Offer the Benefits of Large Universities Outside of Northwestern, Big Ten schools are all large public universities, so they offer all of the advantages of attending a large state school.They offer a wider variety of degrees and programs than smaller colleges.At Penn State, there are more than 160 different possible majors. For comparison, at Amherst College, one of the best liberal arts colleges in the country, there are only 38 different majors. At the University of Iowa, there are unique, specialized majors like actuarial science, rhetoric and composition, athletic training, and music therapy.At the University of Minnesota, you can major in construction management or apparel and textiles. Also, there are a wide variety of extracurricular activities.Because of the quantity of students at these schools, there are tons of student organizations, clubs, and fraternities and sororities.At the University of Maryland, there are 72 Greek organizations and 61 cultural organizations, including the Argentine Tango Club, the NAACP, the Pride Alliance, and the Vietnamese Student Association. At Johns Hopkins, a private college in Maryland, there are only 23 Greek organizations. Because public colleges are subsidized by state governments, the cost of attendance for in-state residents is lower.The tuition and mandatory fees for a Michigan resident at Michigan State University are $14,552, and they're $39,827 for an out-of-state student. At Northwestern, the lone private college in the Big Ten, tuition and fees are $56,232 annually. However, Northwestern does meet 100% of demonstrated financial need and provides generousfinancial aid packages. Tracy O/Flickr Cons While there are many advantages of attending a Big Ten school, there are some potential disadvantages. Not Geographically Diverse Because Big Ten schools are all state schools (with the exception of Northwestern), the majority of students are in-state residents. At private colleges, you can usually meet a greater percentage of out-of-state and international students. At private colleges, the cost of attendance is the same for in-state and out-of-state students, and many private colleges emphasize geographic diversity in their admissions and recruiting. For example, atRutgers, 83% of students are from New Jersey. Meanwhile, at Princeton, a private Ivy League school also in New Jersey, only 19% of students are from New Jersey. Part of the education process in college is about learning from your peers, and you can gain a different perspective and a better understanding of others if you’re surrounded by more people from different states and countries. Large Class Sizes Due to the size of most of the Big Ten schools, students often have to take lecture classes with hundreds of students, especially in introductory courses.At Ohio State University, the student-faculty ratio is 19:1 and 22% of classes have 50 or more students. At Kenyon College, a liberal arts college in Ohio, the student-faculty ratio is 10:1 and only 0.7% of classes have 50 or more students.Many students learn better in smaller classes where there is more interaction, and students can more easily ask the professor questions. Not Located in Urban Areas Many Big Ten schools are in college towns that are somewhat removed from urban environments and all they have to offer.I remember driving to Penn State and there didn’t seem to be any sign of civilization for two hours in any direction. Similarly, when I got off the plane in Champaign, IL for my recruiting trip to the University of Illinois, I saw corn fields and realized I was very far from LA. While other big ten schools aren't as rural as Penn State or U of I, most are located in smaller cities. Some notable exceptions are the University of Minnesota, which is located in Minneapolis, Northwestern (which seems to be the exception to all Big Ten generalizations), which is close to Chicago, Rutgers, which is close to New York City, Ohio State University, which is in Columbus, and the University of Maryland, which is close to DC. For most other Big 10 schools you're within an hour or two of a decently-sized city, but if you're hoping for urban life right on your doorstep, you may be disappointed. The Weather All of the Big Ten schools are in areas with relatively harsh winters. While the weather shouldn’t be the most important factor for you in choosing a college, some students enjoy attending a college in a temperate climate with year-round sunshine and 70 degree temperatures in the winter.If you’re from Florida or California, you’ll probably have to get some actual winter clothing before attending a Big Ten school. How To Decide if You Should Attend a Big Ten School If you're trying to decide whether or not to attend a Big Ten school, go through the same process you should go through when deciding which colleges to apply to and which one to attend.Decide the factors that are important to you in a college. Think about the location, selectivity, size, and the majors offered at the school, and determine how much each factor matters to you. Look at the school’s website, and use guidebooks, college finders, search websites, and ranking lists to help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, parents, counselors, current students, and alumni.If finances are a big concern for you, wait until you receive your financial aid packages from the schools that accept you to determine what your out-of-pocket expenses will be for each school. Personally, I think that I would have really enjoyed attending a Big Ten school. When I was at Ohio State, Penn State, the University of Illinois, Nebraska, and the University of Wisconsin (those are the only Big Ten schools I’ve been able to visit), I was so impressed by and attracted to the spirited on-campus environments and the uniqueness of attending a school in a real college town. However, some students prefer the environment at a small college, or they don’t want to be at a school that places so much emphasis on athletics. If you're interested in colleges that are similar to Big Ten schools in offering big-time athletics and quality academics at a large public university in a college town, you may also be interested in the University of Texas-Austin, Texas AM, the University of Florida, or the University of California-Berkeley. If you would like to attend a private college that offers big-time athletics and quality academics, then Northwestern, USC, Stanford, Duke, and the University of Notre Dame may be good options for you. It’s important to find the school that best fits your personality and has the resources and environment that will best allow you to thrive and reach your academic and professional goals. What's Next? To help you figure out what you're looking for in a school, learn how to do college research. Also, read this article about whether you should go to a rural, urban, or suburban college. Finally, if you're looking for a diverse college, check out this post about the most diverse colleges in the country. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Accounting Education and the Development of Ethical Maturity Essay

Accounting Education and the Development of Ethical Maturity - Essay Example This is where the role and inclusion of ethics education in accounting becomes important. This discussion draws on the connection between accounting education and the development of ethical maturity and suggestions to possible alternative approach to traditional accounting education are also evaluated considering the work of pioneering authors in the field. There has been substantial research on accounting education and ethical development and how one could be related to the other. In a latest release by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the importance of ethics education has been highlighted. Academic institutions use different methods and levels of ethics education and place varying degrees of emphases on ethics teaching when students take courses in accounting. Adkins and Radtke (2004) discuss the difference between student perceptions of business ethics and how they are fundamentally different from perception of accounting faculty members. The advantages or disa dvantages of teaching business ethics to final year accounting students have been examined by O’Leary (2008) who reports data on a class of 155 students who were given five ethical scenarios on which to make ethical decisions and the students were then subject to different methods of ethical instruction. Some weeks later, the class students were again given the original ethical scenarios and in all cases, the mean responses were more ethical after the ethical instruction when compared with scores obtained prior to the ethics education. It seems the combined effects of ethical instruction have positive impact on ethical decision making and in general, ethics education could be highly beneficial. The goals and effectiveness of business ethics have been studied effectively although there have been controversies as to how far accounting faculty members are committed to accounting ethics education and how far accounting institutions are interested in adding ethics modules in busin ess courses. Smith and Smith (2005) described the ethics presentation to accounting and business students and highlighted the fact that the major corporate failures of Enron and Worldcom as a result of questionable accounting practices led to the necessity of ethics as important in the working of business and accounting. Financial statement analysis and regulatory requirements are central to doing business and Smith and Smith described the development and assessment of one approach to presenting ethics with a computerized slide show. The show was aimed to increase students' understanding of the role of ethics in accounting and business practice and following the presentation, the students reported a better recognition of the importance of ethics in accounting and business. Education in ethics teaches student to practice actions that are morally correct and this helps student not juts in school but also later in life while they work in corporations. There are claims that accounting education fails to adequately equip students to deal with ethical issues and accounting education in general is incomplete for the overall moral development of students. Thus there is a need to add business ethics as a module in accounting education. An information paper was released by the International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB) in 2006 and this paper was based on a global research project on education of ethics in accounting and stimulated discussion and debate on the values of an ethics education in the accounting profession. The paper tried to answer questions on the use of ethics,

Management case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management case Study - Research Paper Example This paper will highlight some of these strategies and the possible outcome in its recommendation (Griffin) Zynga is a social gaming provider headquartered in San Francisco, California. The company develops social games that operate on mobile phone platform such as Apple iOS and android. In 2009 the company reached 10 million daily active users within six weeks (Abbey, 2009).The management of zynga need to put in place certain measure in order to double its customers and revenue. This case study will highlight the achievement of the company, and future planning to help the company compete favourably with others and stay afloat (Abbey, 2009). The company has a record of hitting 10million active daily users in the first six months, this is a great achievement but to maintain this number and even double them the management of the company need to put in place certain measures. This paper highlights some of the considerations that need to be put in place in order to achieve more. The company strength will rely mainly on formation of synergies with other companies where the synergy is the urge to form partnership relationship with other companies of similar goal and interest. There is positive and negative consequence of synergies and group cohesion needs to be considered. As a group become more cohesive, communication between members increases. In addition satisfaction increases as the group provides friendship and support against outside threat (Hitt & Jamie, 2007). There are negative aspects of group cohesion that affect the decision made by individual parties hence affecting group effectiveness. Issues may arise such as risk shift phenomenon, where there is a tendency of a group to make risky decision that an individual party would have handled. There may also be polarization, individual in a group can have moderate stance on an issue, and having discussed in a

Liquidity Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Liquidity Function - Essay Example Liquidity preference is the desire to hold cash. The money in cash and the rate of interest which is demanded in exchange for it is a "measure of the degree of our disquietude (ICFAI Center for Management Research (ICMR), 2005)." The rate of interest, in Keynes' words, is the "premium which has to be offered to induce people to hold the wealth in some form other than hoarded money." The higher the liquidity preference, the higher will be the rate of interest that will have to be paid to the holders of cash to induce them to part with their liquid assets. The lower the liquidity preference the lower will be the rate of interest that will be paid to the cash-holders. Transaction Motive: This motive is related to the "need of cash for the current transactions of personal and business exchanges." It is further divided into the income and business motives. The income motive is meant "to bridge the interval between the receipt of income and its disbursement", and similarly, the business motive is "the interval between the time of incurring business costs and that of the receipt of the sale proceeds." Precautionary Motive: The precautionary motive relates to the "the desire to provide for contingencies regarding sudden expenditures and for unforeseen opportunities of advantageous purchases." Banks keep cash in reserve to meet unexpected needs. Individuals hold some cash to provide for illness, accident, unemployment and other unforeseen contingencies. Money under the speculative motive is for "securing profit from knowing better than the market what the future will bring forth." Liquidity Vs Profitability Short run trade-off exists between liquidity and profitability. Other things remaining constant, the more liquid a bank the lower its return on equity and return on assets (The Banker, 2004). Both asset and liability liquidity contribute to this relationship. Facts about liquidity of a bank: The more liquid a bank, the less profitable the bank Liquid assets earn less than illiquid assets. The shorter the maturity, the lower the yield. The highest yielding loans are loans with the highest default or interest rate risk and are therefore the least liquid. Asset liquidity is influenced by the composition and maturity of funds i.e. the ease with which a bank can convert assets to cash with a minimum loss (Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks, 2001). Large holdings of cash assets evidently decrease profits because of the opportunity loss of interest income. In terms of investment portfolio, short-term securities yield lower returns compared to long-term securities. As investors value price stability and therefore long-term securities pay a yield premium over short term securities, to induce the investors to extend their holding period. For banks that purchase short-term securities, this increases the liquidity but at higher potential returns. For example, in an environment where market expectations are constant for short-term treasury yields, the treasury yield curve will slope upwards, reflecting liquidity premiums that increase with maturity. A bank's loan portfolio displays the same trade-off where the loans carrying the higher yields are the least

The differences between xbox 360 and playstation 3 Essay

The differences between xbox 360 and playstation 3 - Essay Example PS3 has the ability to output a higher resolution signal than Xbox 360 as gaming has become a norm and a much favored option on PS3 than on the Microsoft model. PS3 offers two HD outputs as it helps enormously in multitasking. As far as the memory is concerned, Xbox 360 has around 20GB which is close to 5000 songs on an iPod. While PS3 users need to buy a hard drive at the pay point. When it comes to music, both PS3 and Xbox 360 offer surround sound with Dolby 5.1. Sony PS3 has the feature of supporting seven different controllers, being quite different from Xbox 360’s range. The other differences between Xbox 360 and PS3 include the fact that PS3 has the capacity to support far more players in the room than Xbox 360 which could support only four at a time. Both the machines support Internet access and playing online is a worthwhile option. The graphics of Xbox 360 are better when one compares them to PS3 since the lighting seems more realistic in Xbox 360. Also brightness within Xbox 360 gives a sense of realism more than the PS3 machine. The power differences between the two machines seem to suggest that PS3 has more power on paper than in essence. The technical differences between Xbox 360 and PS3 come down to the graphics and resolution differences, where the advanced one takes the lead over the other. However these differences have meant time and again that users from territorial locations have seemed to enjoy one over the other ever since these machines came into the respective

Christian Salvesen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Christian Salvesen - Essay Example Changes in political administrations have influenced the evolution of laws that concern disability discrimination. Various rights have been accorded to disabled employees to boost their chances of establishing equal playing fields. Amidst this effort, some firms have still failed to practise the prescribed regulations. To further strengthen the established laws, the Disability Discrimination Authority (DDA) continues to monitor the policies that companies formulate regarding their treatment to all employees especially the disabled workers. DDA has formalised the method in which firms provide benefits to workers with disability in the event of sickness or injuries. The next discussion will centre on the policy of Christian Salvesen in providing the needed assistance to its disabled workers. Also, the discussion will determine the conformity of the company's regulations to DDA policies. Wright Investors' Report (2006) provided a snapshot of the company's profile including some vital financial information. Christian Salvesen PLC is one of the major names in the industry of transportation. The company primarily caters the logistics needs and transfer of goods from the sites to the market. Most of its clients are manufacturing and retail companies that distributes wide range of products. The company primarily operates in United Kingdom (UK) and its main office is based in London. The current sales for 2006 are estimated at over 800 million British Pounds. At present, the total number of employees in the firm is 13,245. This suggests that the workforce of the company is one of the biggest in UK. Although the number of disabled workers is not established, it is predicted that there are several employees that have physical disabilities. Definitely, the frequency of workers in the company shows that there are other ventures aside from freight. In fact, the company has some industries that deal with agricultural products. The firm also focus of high valued products like automotive parts and other complex products. In addition, the food division covers fresh and processed goods. The consumer operations covers products classified as needs and luxuries. To illustrate the company's stability, it operates in over 200 hundred. Some of its assets include warehouses that are used to keep the inventories and equipments. Furthermore, the 5000 tractors and 6000 trailers show the strength of the company. All these realities contribute to the necessity of providing ample support to all employees of the company. More important, the welfare of the disabled workers has to be highlighted. The fundamental impetus of providing sickness benefits to disabled employees is underlined in the labour laws of UK. The DDA for instance works closely as an agent that ensures the firms religiously follow the laws. First, the company has sufficient resources to allocate for the benefits of disabled workers. Basically, impaired employees have to be allotted with higher privileges because of their physical frailties. The financial highlights of the firm pictures a company of prosperity and growth. Therefore, it has the capacity to maximise its personnel service budget and

Curriculum Specialist Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Curriculum Specialist Paper - Essay Example In curriculum, the crucial part is the definition of the course objectives which are often expressed in terms of learning outcomes and normally includes the assessment strategy for the programme. These learning outcomes and assessments are often grouped into modules, therefore a curriculum comprises of a collection of such units, each specializing on a specific part of the curriculum. So, a typical curriculum would include modules on mathematics, languages, information technology together with more specialized provision. In the United States, the basic curriculum is established by each state with the individual school districts adjusting it to their desires. However, each state, builds its curriculum relying heavily on the input of national groups selected by the United States Department of Education, for example the National Council of Mathematics Teachers for mathematics instruction. Education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curriculum or educational standards. The job of centralization and coordination has been left to large private educational foundations. However, the primary function of the United States Department of Education is to formulate federal funding programs involving education and to enforce federal educational laws involved with privacy and civil rights. The quality of educational institutions and their degrees is maintained through an informal private process known as accreditation which the Department of Education has no direct public jurisdictional control over. Currently, there are thirty-nine curriculum specialists serving schools in South Carolina State. Basically, curriculum specialists have the following duties and responsibilities in the following areas: a) Curriculum planning and alignment, In curriculum planning and alignment they perform the following duties; Assisting the instructional staff and teachers in making curricular recommendations that reflect best practices to ensure high achievement, Assisting the school staff in developing a school curriculum guide or in revising the school's curriculum guide to ensure alignment to state and district standards, Engaging in collaborative curricular planning with the leadership team, Focusing on building curricular continuity across grade levels and courses, and Conducting periodic curricular alignment to ensure congruence with school and district goals. b) Curriculum instructional support, In curriculum instrumental support they perform the following duties; Providing direct support for building classroom curricular efforts; Taking

Christian Salvesen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Christian Salvesen - Essay Example Changes in political administrations have influenced the evolution of laws that concern disability discrimination. Various rights have been accorded to disabled employees to boost their chances of establishing equal playing fields. Amidst this effort, some firms have still failed to practise the prescribed regulations. To further strengthen the established laws, the Disability Discrimination Authority (DDA) continues to monitor the policies that companies formulate regarding their treatment to all employees especially the disabled workers. DDA has formalised the method in which firms provide benefits to workers with disability in the event of sickness or injuries. The next discussion will centre on the policy of Christian Salvesen in providing the needed assistance to its disabled workers. Also, the discussion will determine the conformity of the company's regulations to DDA policies. Wright Investors' Report (2006) provided a snapshot of the company's profile including some vital financial information. Christian Salvesen PLC is one of the major names in the industry of transportation. The company primarily caters the logistics needs and transfer of goods from the sites to the market. Most of its clients are manufacturing and retail companies that distributes wide range of products. The company primarily operates in United Kingdom (UK) and its main office is based in London. The current sales for 2006 are estimated at over 800 million British Pounds. At present, the total number of employees in the firm is 13,245. This suggests that the workforce of the company is one of the biggest in UK. Although the number of disabled workers is not established, it is predicted that there are several employees that have physical disabilities. Definitely, the frequency of workers in the company shows that there are other ventures aside from freight. In fact, the company has some industries that deal with agricultural products. The firm also focus of high valued products like automotive parts and other complex products. In addition, the food division covers fresh and processed goods. The consumer operations covers products classified as needs and luxuries. To illustrate the company's stability, it operates in over 200 hundred. Some of its assets include warehouses that are used to keep the inventories and equipments. Furthermore, the 5000 tractors and 6000 trailers show the strength of the company. All these realities contribute to the necessity of providing ample support to all employees of the company. More important, the welfare of the disabled workers has to be highlighted. The fundamental impetus of providing sickness benefits to disabled employees is underlined in the labour laws of UK. The DDA for instance works closely as an agent that ensures the firms religiously follow the laws. First, the company has sufficient resources to allocate for the benefits of disabled workers. Basically, impaired employees have to be allotted with higher privileges because of their physical frailties. The financial highlights of the firm pictures a company of prosperity and growth. Therefore, it has the capacity to maximise its personnel service budget and

Action plan reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Action plan reflection - Essay Example hest radiographic procedures with patient with pneumothorax and help me to provide good quality image of chest x-ray due to the pneumothorax condition. This area of knowledge acquired can really lead to the achievement of my personal goal to improve my knowledge in pathology. This is because as noted by the authors, the principles and management of pneumothrax form an important basis in the overall pathological pathway to radiography. 18- 20/09/2013: I read ‘Asthma and COPD’ and I acquired a lot of information about these diseases and how they effect the lung. I also learned how can I provide the management of radiographic procedure and good quality images for patient with one of these diseases. After reading this book, my knowledge about Asthma and COPD is improving. I however think that this area alone cannot be an end in itself but a means to an end. This means that I need to expand my knowledge in other areas of radiography pathology in order to make the achievement of my personal goal realistic. The reason for this assertion is that the authors noted that asthma and COPD do not form part of the most reported cases and incidence that radiographers have to deal with. In effect, to have a full understanding of the pathology requires adding some more knowledge areas. 23 – 26/09/2013: I read ‘Diagnosis and Management of Bowel Disease’. From this, I acquired so much information about various bowel disease such as diarrhea, consitaption, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. This learning improved my knowledge of the bowel disease and helped me to improve the management of abdomen radiographic procedure due to patient condition and provide good quality images. The authors from whom I learnt this have noted that abdominal radiography is a very complex process that requires a lot of expanded knowledge base on the part of the radiographer. This means that there is shared responsibility for me to know much more about bowel diseases and

Is Beer Becoming More Concentrated Essay Example for Free

Is Beer Becoming More Concentrated Essay At first glance, the UK brewing industry might appear to be highly competitive, with many pubs in close proximity to one another and with many brands of beer and lager offered for sale. However, in reality most pubs are owned by the major brewers. Tied houses, as they are called, account for about 40 per cent of a brewer’s turnover, and sell only a limited range of the beers and lagers that are available. Consumer choice is clearly constrained. The oligopolistic nature of the brewing industry can be seen when we consider the market shares of the leading brewers (see table). In 1985 the three largest brewers held 47 per cent of the market. By 2001 this had grown to 73 per cent. What is also significant is that small independent brewers, which generally operate within a local or regional market, have seen a dramatic fall in their market share. With this huge growth in the market power of the major brewers have come large rises in the price of beer (even after taking inflation and tax increases into account). Prices in the UK have risen faster than anywhere else in Europe. Market shares of the largest brewers | |1985 | | |2005 | | |(%) | | |(%) | |Bass |22 | |Scottish-Courage |27 | |Allied Lyons (Carlsberg) |13 | |Coors (Carling, Worthington) |20 | |Grand Met (Watneys) |12 | |! nbev (Bass, Beck’s, Stella) |19 | |Whitbread |11 | |Carlsberg UK (Carlsberg, Tetley’s) |13 | |Scottish and Newcastle |10 | |Diageo (Guinness) |6 | |Courage |9 | |Anheuser-Busch (Budweiser) |2 | |Others |23 | |Others |13 | |Total |100 | |Total |100 | |3-firm concentration ratio |47 | |3-firm concentration ratio |66 | |5-firm concentration ratio |68 | |5-firm concentration ratio |85 | 1987, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, the forerunner to the Competition Commission (see section 6. 6), investigated the brewing industry and in 1989 issued the ‘Beer Orders’, requiring the large brewers to sell many of their pubs. The objective was to increase competition as smaller brewers and other companies and individuals bought these pubs and then stocked a range of beers. However, the hopes were ill-founded. The pubs that were sold were the least profitable, and many have since closed. There is thus now less competition between pubs. Also, about 40 per cent of UK pubs are now owed by large pub chains. The Beer Orders also required that over 10 000 pubs owned by the big breweries should stock ‘guest beers’ from rival breweries. But the big breweries responded by selling most of these pubs. In pubs not owned by the big breweries, and where there is the threat of genuine competition, the big breweries often supply their beers at lower prices, thus making it impossible for the smaller breweries to compete. The brewers, finding a reduction in their scope for achieving economies of scale from vertical integration (owning both breweries and pubs), have sought to gain economies of scale from horizontal integration (having a larger share of total brewing). Mergers and takeovers in the brewing industry have been common. For example, in May 2000 Interbrew (the Belgian brewer and owners of the Stella Artois brand) acquired Whitbread, the UK’s third largest brewer, and a month later acquired Bass, the second largest. This gave Interbrew nearly one third of the market. The acquisitions were referred to the Competition Commission, which recommended a break up of the new giant: a recommendation accepted by the government. In response, at the end of 2001 Interbrew (now called !nbev) sold most of the Whitbread division, including brands such as Carling, Caffrey’s and Worthington, to the US brewer Coors. In the light of this splitting of Interbrew, and feeling that this proved that competition policy was effective, the government in 2002 decided to scrap the Beer Orders. This was greeted with dismay by small independent brewers, which were already reluctant to expand, faced with the power of such massive competitors in both production and retail, with heavily advertised brands gaining larger and larger shares of the market. Small independent brewers are understandably reluctant to expand, faced with the power of such massive competitors in both production and retail, with heavily advertised brands gaining larger and larger shares of the market. |Questions | |1. What are the barriers to entry in (a) brewing; (b) opening new pubs? | |2. Do small independent brewers have any market advantages?

New Zealands Monetary and Fiscal policies

New Zealands Monetary and Fiscal policies (a) (i) Inflation Targeting An inflation targeting is a monetary approach used by government as a strategy to maintain the interest rate at a certain level. This normally involve up to two parties which are a government and a central bank that are responsible in keeping the price within a specific range. They would alter the interest rate in order to achieve favourable level of interest rate to keep away inflation in an economy. In New Zealand, the targeted inflation rate was 1 per cent to 3 per cent as desirable range (Reserved Bank of New Zealand, 2007). However, this policy able to protect the business sectors in New Zealand especially the University education sector. Education was as crucial contributor to increase living standard of New Zealander. The University education sector was not much differ from other sector because it is like a business to offer employment and increase production growth. The goal of Reserved Bank of New Zealand set an inflation rate range of 1 per cent to 3 per cent is to maintain the equilibrium of price and avoid fluctuation (Parliamentary Library, 2002). As the price is stable, it will attract more foreign student to study in New Zealand and the demand of the New Zealand dollars would be increasing since the education system is comparable to world leading education. (a) (ii) Policy Target Agreement Policy Target Agreement is the mutual agreement between the Governor of the Reserved Bank of New Zealand and New Zealand Government. This agreement goal is to keep economy from minimum inflation and maintain the price stability. The Reserved Bank of New Zealand was also responsible in monitoring and measuring the level of prices. There is various way of measuring the inflation and Consumers Price Index (CPI) was one of the measuring tools used in the Policy Targets Agreement (Reserved Bank of New Zealand, 2007). This tool will record the transaction of prices change from buying goods and services by New Zealand household and the percentage of the change will be the CPI inflation. Using this tool, the price of the currency would be under control and services price from University education sector is under supervision of the Reserved Bank of New Zealand. Reserved bank would maintain the inflation rates of 1 per cent to 2 per cent to avoid any inflation occur. The qualities of the New Zealand Education system itself are already famous among education system among the world, if the prices of the education services are low, it will attract more and more foreign student. Such agreement not even beneficial to education system itself but also bringing advantages to economy whereby the education system in New Zealand is comparable and competitive to other countries in term of services price. (a) (iii) Official Cash Rate Official Cash Rate was first introduced by New Zealand government in year 1999, it is the monetary policy used by Reserved Bank to control the inflation rate. Through Official Cash Rate method, the Reserved Bank able to control the short and long term of interest rate as well as the foreign exchange rate. As in Policy Target Agreement (PTA), both government and the Reserved Bank have obligated to meet the 2 per cent of inflation in future. However, the range defines in Policy Target Agreement which was signed during September 2012, should be achieve the price stability between 1 and 3 per cent average per midterm (Reserved Bank of New Zealand, 2007). In future, the Reserved Bank will increase Official Cash Rate if necessary aiming for 2 per cent rate of inflation in future. (a) (iv) The overall impact on the economy and consequently to University education sector In a nutshell, government and the Reserved Bank adopted the monetary policies to control the supply of money, it can be also saying that to manipulate the fluctuation of the interest rate and in the same time balancing the market price. In context of University Education sector, by set up a targeting inflation method through Policy Target Agreement could be beneficial. The University education sector in New Zealand is moving toward to contribute more in growth of economy. As the University education sector growth is mainly depends on the quality of the education and also the attractive fees rate offered to student. When the Reserved Bank of New Zealand applying the monetary method, the interest rate will be maintaining in a stable range of 1 per cent to 2 per cent to avoid inflation occur (Reserved Bank of New Zealand, 2007). As these price of education is low, it attract foreign student from other countries to enroll into the local university of New Zealand. Such price make the universities of New Zealand a target country for foreign student that providing an A class education system in the same time offering affordable rate of fees. It will influence the demand of New Zealand dollar to be increase in the same time raising the value of the currency. (b) (i) Explain the objectives of government Basically, fiscal policy involves the choice made by government either spending the revenue or collecting the revenue through the tax imposed. It is mainly about how the government and manage its budget in order to stabilize the economy growth. The main concern of fiscal policy is the price stability. In order to maintain the economic growth, a desirable level of price in New Zealand should be achieved because expensive good or services will not be affordable by consumers where this encourages in decrease of the demand level. The price should be remained in a reasonable level of acceptance by consumers to avoid any fall in demand where it discourage business to generate goods and services. High rate of employment is also the main objective of fiscal policy. The high unemployment rate will lower the rate of production and it will influence the level of economic growth to drop. Hence, the government of New Zealand tends to increase the spending such as allocating budget invests in University education sector. The government is rooting for the universities to further expanding New Zealand economic by allocating budget invest in the tertiary education to increase number of graduates with skills required and rate of employment to boost the economy. About $42 million invested for the next 4 years to increase the tuition subsidy to selected courses (Tertiary Education Commission, 2012). Indirectly, it generates more employment by expanding the University education sector because it requires large number of workforce to run the sector. In the other hand, fiscal policy encourage in foreign exchange earnings through exportation of goods or services such as tertiary education. The New Zealand government is enhancing the tertiary education system through Budget 2012 by focusing to improve the educational performance in order to expand this sector (Tertiary Education Commission, 2012). Through the focus given by government, the level of New Zealand education is increased and it attracts quite a number of foreign students from China for approximate 25,345 students and an increase of 2% from last year (New Zealand Education, 2014). These numbers prove that the higher number of foreign student the higher income could earns from foreign countries. (b) (ii) Fiscal policy fine-tuning and its limitations Through fiscal policy approach, government able utilizes this tool to adjust the interest rate and control the spending rate in order to boost the economy (Chirantan, 2014). This policy had its own limitation even though using fiscal policies could stabilize the economy. Inflexibility of fiscal policy can be seen during changes in taxes or spending by government. The objective of fine tuning is to minimize the negative implication by apply the right policy at the right time depending on the state of economy during the different level of economy such as contraction or expansion (Pavlina R. Tcherneva, August 2013). A period of lengthy time could be taken when both political and moral reason to be taken as consideration. By boosting the aggregated demand would lower the rate of unemployment may contribute to inflation as the right shift of aggregate demand would cause rise in price. In the other hand, by shifting the aggregate demand to left would contribute to the increase of unemployment when there is inflation would rather cause dilemmas too. The time lag in applying the approach could be one of the limitations of fiscal policy. It may take up a considerable amount of time to implement unlike monetary policy able to influence economy growth rate easily and time saving by adjusting the interest level. Besides, the fiscal policy implementation involves a comprehensive research to make sure of the economy conditions. The state of the economy might be not the same anymore when the policy is finally ready to be implemented. Government might be gathering the wrong and inaccurate information in such a short period of time and hence economy would suffer from deficit or inflation when the prediction went wrong. (c) (i) Budget deficit Budget deficit in an economy is an situation whereby the federal government spends more than it earn in revenues and causes a budget deficit. The reverse situation will generates a budget surplus as the government earns more revenue than spending. Both fiscal and monetary policies share the same goal which is maintaining the economy rate and achieve a steady economy growth. In fiscal policy, government will increase the tax to decrease the spending because when the goods are expensive, the aggregate demand shifted left and would cause the country to run a deficit. Monetary policy would use to control inflation as well as deflation by manipulating the interest rate. Unlike fiscal policy, the monetary policy will not enlarging the national debt by applying the approach to tune the interest rate to stabilize the economy (Expansionary Monetary Policy Does Not Raise the Budget Deficit, 2013). (c) (ii) A Fully Funded Deficit A fully funded deficit occurs when government expenses is fully funded by tax revenue. This is applicable in theory when there market is perfectly healthy in which the economy is in stabilize state. There are few options, government will either issuing bond or security for a time being to fund the economy. Such options will reduce the spending and boosting the economy. However, during deficit period government will adopt an expansionary fiscal policy to influence the aggregate demand such as supplying money to the economy to lower the currency value. Such move might result in inflation when the demand is higher than supply. (c) (iii) Monetized deficit Monetizing deficit approach is to finance the economy when there is a fiscal deficit in the economy. The government would sell bonds or security by financing the fiscal deficit. Implication from such approach will increase the debt of government. In monetized deficit scenario, the bank would be financing the government debt by producing extra banknotes. Inflation will be happen when the supply of the money is increase in the market and the value of the money will fall. This will help bank to keep targeted inflation rate in ideal range. (a) Trading internationally could of benefit and/or a disadvantage to the business sector. The objective of the international trade is to maximize profits between the interchange of goods and services internationally. The international trade is not only involving the exchanging goods and services across the border, it also creates opportunities for the market to the whole new level. The supply and demand of the goods and services will be created along the international trade occur. In this fast growing economy, the University education sector is no doubt developing an important qualities and criteria on next generation in order to raise the economy level. To ensure producing more competitive and high quality next generation, New Zealand is one of the countries moving towards to achieve the top class of education among the world. The more foreign investments the higher opportunities to stimulates the economy through foreign direct investment. Attracting more foreign investment opportunities will increase the number of universities by expanding the classes and branches worldwide. The government of New Zealand made an effort to attract foreign students such as offering US$2,000 to fund their flight to New Zealand through Education New Zealand Study Abroad Travel Awards (ENZTA) program (New Zealand Education, 2014). Thus, expanding the tertiary education sector will produce much more employment to meet the demands in the market. Higher number of lecturers and administration personnel will be needed to operate the sector. By the times, it could help government to achieve full employment goal. Current balance of payment figures for New Zealand and evaluate the implications of the figures As we can refer from chart 1 and chart 2 from the Appendix A, Statistic New Zealand published the latest seasonally adjusted current account balance of $2 billion deficit in the quarter of June 2014. The amount of deficit is increase for further $1.4 billion since quarter of March 2014. The export of goods and services shown a fell for amount of $1.1 billion and was the main reason contributed to the total deficit value. Referred to chart 2, the balance of goods remains a surplus of $1,250 million in quarter of June 2014. For the year ended of June 2014, the current account shown deficit of $5.8 billion which is 2.5 per cent of the total GDP causes by the fall of export of goods and services. This is can be comparable to 2.7 per cent of GDP from the quarter of March which shown an recovery. New Zealand’s net international liability was recorded at $149.7 billion which equivalent to 65.3 per cent of GDP during 30 June 2014. There is slightly reduction of $1.4 billion from last quarter of March 2014. The external debt shown from the chart was increased by $2.0 billion to total of $142.3 billion to the latest quarter. The high interest rate in New Zealand suspected contributed to the fall in exports of goods and services. This might explain that the fall in export is causes by the low demand of currency. When the currency is expensive, it tends to lower the demand and hence affected the currency value to shoot up. When this applies to New Zealand University education sector, the tuition fees would be relatively expensive than other country. However, the budget 2012 supports Government’s effort on improving the educational performance of students in tertiary education. Through the effort in budget 2012, they invested approximately $42 million to subsidy selected engineering courses for over 4 years (Tertiary Education Commission, 2012). Even though the falls in balance of payment are mainly contributed from the export of goods and services, the effort from government such as allocating the budget to subsidies the tertiary education sector will prove that the sector will continue to benefit t o the economy. (i) ) The impact of exchange rate on the demand and supply of New Zealand dollars The demand and supply was the variables to determine the exchange rates of currency. Shifting the aggregate demand to right will affect the price to rise and shifting supply to right will lower the price. Thus, higher demand of currency will contribute to high price of currency while excessive of supply contributed in low price of currency. It is applicable to University Education sector and can be seen through budget 2012, government provides subsidies and incentive to enhance the education system and bring opportunities to attract foreign students. When there is certain reputation of New Zealand education system among the foreign market, it attracts more foreign to study in this country and the demand for New Zealand dollar will be increase. Since studying in New Zealand requires its currency as fees, it definitely attracts higher investment from the other country. Consequently, the demand of education in New Zealand market from foreign countries will raise the demand of New Zealand currency. The higher of the demand of education, the higher value of the currency (ii) ) The impact of exchange rate on the exports and imports The aggregate demand of the exchange rates is influence by the effect if export and imports. If the exchange rate undergoes a rise, the exports will be cheaper and imports will be more expensive in other currencies. This could be inflationary situation in an economy if the price of import experience rises and make export is cheaper. This effect would increase demand of currency from overseas since the New Zealand dollars is relatively cheaper than other currency because they will find beneficial to their business. The demand is mainly depends on the price elasticity of demand for exports and hence influencing the exchange rate of currency. (iii) The impact of exchange rate on the balance of payments All the payments receipt or pay from other countries is recorded as the balance of payments in a financial account. The financial account records all the transaction either from an individual to a size of business internationally. It involves the inflows and outflows of money for foreign investment in an economy. Generally, the currency value in a balance economy will be more attract more demand for it and hence leading an increase value of currency. When the balance of payment was in negative state, the economy accountability of the balance payment will decrease and it will influence the exchange rate to experience a falls. The scenario happens when there the supply of currency is higher than demand in the market. (iv)The impact of exchange rate on the monetary policy In generally, monetary policy is used to maintain the economy level by manipulating the supplies of money and altering the interest rate. When facing inflation, the approach is used by central bank to increase the interest rate. Such attractive interest rate will attract foreign investor when the return is high and profitable. Hence, it increases the demand of the currency and boosting the level of exchange rate simultaneously. In short, the monetary policy influences the price of money by altering the interest rate to increase the demand. Such exchange rate is simply a reflection of foreign demand for a country currency. References Expansionary Monetary Policy Does Not Raise the Budget Deficit. (2013, October 15). Retrieved September 23, 2014, from Monetary Vs. Fiscal Policy: http://blog.supplysideliberal.com/post/64090184528/monetary-vs-fiscal-policy-expansionary-monetary. Chirantan Basu. (2014, August 31). Business Society. Retrieved September 24, 2014, from What Are the Four Most Important Limitations of Fiscal Policy: http://www.ehow.com/info_8512661_four-important-limitations-fiscal-policy.html New Zealand Education. (2014, September 17). New Zealand Education. Retrieved September 22, 2014, from Market Research : China: http://www.enz.govt.nz/markets-research/china Pavlina R. Tcherneva. (August 2013). Reorienting Fiscal Policy. A Critical Assessment of Fiscal Fine, 1-27. Reserved Bank of New Zealand. (2007, July). Monetary Policy. Retrieved September 23, 2014, from Reserved Bank of New Zealand: http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/monetary_policy/ Tertiary Education Commission. (2012, May 24). Tertiary Education Commission. Retrieved September 22, 2014, from Budget 2012 : Universities: http://www.tec.govt.nz/Funding/Budget/Budget-2012/Universities/ Appendix A Chart 1 Source : Statistic New Zealand Chart 2 Appendix B ; Source : Statistic New Zealand

red scare :: essays research papers

The war was over. The last cry of help had been heard and peace was supposedly coming to the United States. But everyone was wrong. An ideological war which prompted mass paranoia known as the Red Scare had spread through the US. It began in 1919 and ended in 1921. Red Scare was the label given to the actions of legislation, the race riots, and the hatred and persecution of "subversives" and conscientious objectors during that period of time. At the heart of the Red Scare was the conscription law of May 18, 1917, which was put during World War I in order for the armed forces to be able to conscript more Americans. This caused many problems in the recollection of soldiers for the war. For one to claim that status, one had to be a member of a "well-recognized" religious organization which forbade their members to participation in war. As a result of such unyielding legislation, 20,000 conscientious objectors were inducted into the armed forces. Out of these 20,000, 16,000 changed their minds when they reached military camps, 1300 went to non-combat units, 1200 gained furloughs to do farm work, and 100 of these, 450 went to prison. However, these numbers are small in comparison with the 170,000 draft dodgers and 2,810,296 men who were inducted into the armed forces. Objectors were targeted in the Red Scare after the war. They were condemned as cowards, pro-German socialists, also they were also accused of spreading propaganda throughout the United States. Many organizations stood up for the rights of the objectors. One was the National Civil Liberties Bureau, which would later be renamed the American Civil Liberties Union. The ACLU gained a reputation for helping people with liberal cases who were too poor to pay for their own representation in court. After the real war ended in 1918, the ideological war, turned against conscientious objectors and other radical minorities such as Wobblies, who were members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and also Socialists. It was thought that the Wobblies and the Socialists were trying to overthrow the United States government. Wobblies, were persecuted against for speaking out against the capitalist system. Most of what they said, was only to attract attention, but it was taken seriously by the government. From the very beginning of the Red Scare, the Wobblies attacked by the government, because they were a symbol of radicalism.